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Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

Wei WEI, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO, Shuiyuan CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 27-41 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0461-4

摘要： This study estimates the detailed chemical profiles of China’s anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions for the period of 2005–2020. The chemical profiles of VOCs for seven activity sectors are calculated, based on which the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) of VOCs for these sectors is evaluated. At the national level, the VOCs species emitted in 2005 include alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and halocarbons, accounting for 26.4 wt.%, 29.2 wt.%, 21.3 wt.%, 4.7 wt.%, 5.4 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 2.2 wt.% of total emissions, respectively. And during 2005-2020, their mass proportions would respectively grow or decrease by -6.9%, -32.7%, 7.3%, 65.3%, 34.7%, -48.6%, 108.5%, 100.5%, and 55.4%. This change would bring about a 13% reduction of POCP for national VOCs emissions in the future. Thus, although the national VOCs emissions are expected to increase by 33% over the whole period, its ozone formation potential is estimated to rise only by 14%. Large discrepancies are found in VOCs speciation emissions among provinces. Compared to western provinces, the eastern provinces with a more developed economy would emit unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene with lower mix ratios, and aromatic compounds except benzene, oxidized hydrocarbons and halocarbons with higher mix ratios. Such differences lead to lower POCP of VOCs emitted in eastern provinces, and higher POCP of VOCs emitted in western provinces. However, due to the large VOCs emissions from Chinese eastern region, the ozone formation potential of VOCs emission in eastern provinces would be much higher than those in western provinces by about 156%–235%.

关键词： volatile organic compounds (VOCs)     chemical speciation     ozone formation     Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)     China    

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Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Lyumeng Ye,Xuemei Wang,Shaofeng Fan,Weihua Chen,Ming Chang,Shengzhen Zhou,Zhiyong Wu,Qi Fan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0887-1

摘要： The distribution of NO - and VOC-sensitive regimes in the PRD are identified. The effectiveness of six popular chemical indicators for discriminating O sensitivity regimes is evaluated. Threshold levels for HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO were derived and verified. The indicators H O /HNO and H O /NO performed best and maintained relatively stable threshold levels. Surface O production has a highly nonlinear relationship with its precursors. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of O -NO -VOC-sensitivity regimes complicates the control- decision making. In this paper, the indicator method was used to establish the relationship between O sensitivity and assessment indicators. Six popular ratios indicating ozone-precursor sensitivity, HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO , were evaluated based on the distribution of NO - and VOC-sensitive regimes. WRF-Chem was used to study a serious ozone episode in fall over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It was found that the south-west of the PRD is characterized by a VOC-sensitive regime, while its north-east is NO -sensitive, with a sharp transition area between the two regimes. All indicators produced good representations of the elevated ozone hours in the episode on 6 November 2009, with H O /HNO being the best indicator. The threshold sensitivity levels for HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO were estimated to be 0.41, 0.55, 10.2, 14.0, 19.1, and 0.38, respectively. Threshold intervals for the indicators H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO were able to identify more than 95% of VOC- and NO -sensitive grids. The ozone episode on 16 November 16 2008 was used to independently verify the results, and it was found that only H O /HNO and H O /NO were able to differentiate the ozone sensitivity regime well. Hence, these two ratios are suggested as the most appropriate indicators for identifying fall ozone sensitivity in the PRD. Since the species used for indicators have seasonal variation, the utility of those indicators for other seasons should be investigated in the future work.

关键词： Ozone     Pearl River Delta (PRD)     Sensitivity regime     Photochemical indicator     Threshold levels    

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Precursors and potential sources of ground-level ozone in suburban Shanghai

Kun Zhang, Jialuo Xu, Qing Huang, Lei Zhou, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Guangli Xiu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1271-8

摘要： Abstract • Air masses from Zhejiang Province is the major source of O3 in suburban Shanghai. • O3 formation was in VOC-sensitive regime in rural Shanghai. • O3 formation was most sensitive to propylene in rural Shanghai. A high level of ozone (O3) is frequently observed in the suburbs of Shanghai, the reason for this high level remains unclear. To obtain a detailed insight on the high level of O3 during summer in Shanghai, O3 and its precursors were measured at a suburban site in Shanghai from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2016. Using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and concentration weighted trajectories (CWT), we found that Zhejiang province was the main potential source of O3 in suburban Shanghai. When the sampling site was controlled by south-western winds exceeding 2 m/s, the O3-rich air masses from upwind regions (such as Zhejiang province) could be transported to the suburban Shanghai. The propylene-equivalent concentration (PEC) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were further calculated for each VOC species, and the results suggested that propylene, (m+p)-xylene, and toluene played dominant roles in O3 formation. The Ozone Isopleth Plotting Research (OZIPR) model was used to reveal the impact of O3 precursors on O3 formation, and 4 base-cases were selected to adjust the model simulation. An average disparity of 18.20% was achieved between the simulated and observed O3 concentrations. The O3 isopleth diagram illustrated that O3 formation in July 2016 was in VOC-sensitive regime, although the VOC/NOx ratio was greater than 20. By introducing sensitivity (S), a sensitivity analysis was performed for O3 formation. We found that O3 formation was sensitive to propylene, (m+p)-xylene, o-xylene and toluene. The results provide theoretical support for O3 pollution treatment in Shanghai.

关键词： Ozone     OZIPR     Volatile organic compounds     Shanghai     HYSPLIT    

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Surface modification of biomaterials by photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization to

Yakai FENG, Haiyang ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Jintang GUO,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 372-381 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0005-z

摘要： Thrombus formation and blood coagulation are serious problems associated with blood contacting products, such as catheters, vascular grafts, artificial hearts, and heart valves. Recent progresses and strategies to improve the hemocompatibility of biomaterials by surface modification using photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization are reviewed in this paper. Three approaches to modify biomaterial surfaces for improving the hemocompatibility, i.e., bioinert surfaces, immobilization of anticoagulative substances and biomimetic surfaces, are introduced. The biomimetic amphiphilic phosphorylcholine and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence are the most effective and most often employed biomolecules and peptide sequence for improving hemocompatibility of material surfaces. The RGD sequence can enhance adhesion and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) on material surfaces and increase the retention of ECs under flow shear stress conditions. This surface modification is a promising strategy for biomaterials especially for cardiovascular grafts and functional tissue engineered blood vessels.

关键词： biomimetic amphiphilic     amphiphilic phosphorylcholine     endothelial     functional     biomaterial    

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Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Christopher BECKETT, Charles AUGARDE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 151-159 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0109-7

摘要： There is increasing interest in the use of earthen construction materials, such as rammed earth, due to their inherent sustainability. These materials have been used by man for thousands of years and some of the earliest examples can be found in China. Features of the structures of these materials arise from the means of production. In particular, in situ earthen construction materials exhibit strong anisotropy due to their layered nature. A more subtle structure effect arises from the way that the earth mixture is deposited. This paper reviews and discusses stratification effects in dry soil mixtures, including some original experimental work, and indicates some links between the features of the dry mixtures and earthen construction materials. Improved understanding of the physical processes in play will allow more accurate specification of these materials in the future, and hence spread their use.

关键词： rammed earth     stratification     particle size distribution     pore size distribution    

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and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

Jingyun FANG,Huiling LIU,Chii SHANG,Minzhen ZENG,Mengling NI,Wei LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 547-552 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0620-2

摘要： The combination of low-dose ozone with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation should be an option to give benefit to disinfection and reduce drawbacks of UV and ozone disinfection. However, less is known about the disinfection performance of UV and ozone (UV/ozone) coexposure and sequential UV-followed-by-ozone (UV-ozone) and ozone-followed-by-UV (ozone-UV) exposures. In this study, inactivation of and bacteriophage MS2 by UV, ozone, UV/ozone coexposure, and sequential UV-ozone and ozone-UV exposures was investigated and compared. Synergistic effects of 0.5–0.9 log kill on inactivation, including increases in the rate and efficiency, were observed after the UV/ozone coexposure at ozone concentrations as low as 0.05 mg·L in ultrapure water. The coexposure with 0.02-mg·L ozone did not enhance the inactivation but repressed photoreactivation. Little enhancement on inactivation was found after the sequential UV-ozone or ozone-UV exposures. The synergistic effect on MS2 inactivation was less significant after the UV/ozone coexposure, and more significant after the sequential ozone-UV and UV-ozone exposures, which was 0.2 log kill for the former and 0.8 log kill for the latter two processes, at ozone dose of 0.1 mg·L and UV dose of 8.55 mJ·cm in ultrapure water. The synergistic effects on disinfection were also observed in tap water. These results show that the combination of UV and low-dose ozone is a promising technology for securing microbiological quality of water.

关键词： bacteria inactivation     photoreactivation     water disinfection     UV     ozone    

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Identification of sources, characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1340-z

摘要：

• The source of DOM in surface water and sediment is inconsistent.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter     Parallel factor analysis     Excitation-emission matrices     Photodegradation    

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Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1692-2

摘要：

● Increased DAAO offsets 3/4 of the decrease of DAAP in 2013–2020.

关键词： Excess deaths     Long-term exposure     Fine particle     Ozone    

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Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1738-5

摘要：

● A novel integrated machine learning method to analyze O3 changes is proposed.

关键词： Ozone     Integrated method     Machine learning    

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Self-propelled automatic chassis of Lunokhod-1: History of creation in episodes

Mikhail MALENKOV

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 60-86 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0370-5

摘要：

This report reviews the most important episodes in the history of designing the self-propelled automatic chassis of the first mobile extraterrestrial vehicle in the world, Lunokhod-1. The review considers the issues in designing moon rovers, their essential features, and the particular construction properties of their systems, mechanisms, units, and assemblies. It presents the results of exploiting the chassis of Lunokhod-1 and Lunokhod-2. Analysis of the approaches utilized and engineering solutions reveals their value as well as the consequences of certain defects.

关键词： moon rover     self-propelled chassis     propulsion     wheel     suspension     soil properties     cross-country ability    

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中央企业应该也能够率先成为自主创新的主体

顾大钊

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第10期   页码 9-13

摘要：

系统分析了中央企业在我国经济中的地位和作用、中央企业本身技术需求、经济实力、科技资源和成果转化特点，指出中央企业应该也能够率先成为自主创新的主体。而要实现这一目标，必须充分调动企业、企业科技管理人员和企业研发人员技术创新的积极性，结合神华的成功经验，提出了企业基于技术资源整合成为自主创新主体的新模式。

关键词： 中央企业     技术创新     资源整合    

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Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1621-4

摘要：

● Used a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone.

关键词： Ozone prediction     Deep learning     Time series     Attention     Volatile organic compounds    

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Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Pengyi ZHANG , Bo ZHANG , Rui SHI ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 281-288 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0032-5

摘要： Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles were supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) by a sol immobilization method and were used to investigate their catalytic activity for low-level ozone decomposition at ambient temperature. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the catalysts before and after ozone decomposition. The results showed that the supported gold nanoparticles prepared with microwave heating were much smaller and more uniformly dispersed on the activated carbon than those prepared with traditional conduction heating, exhibiting higher catalytic activity for ozone decomposition. The pH values of gold precursor solution significantly influenced the catalytic activity of supported gold for ozone decomposition, and the best pH value was 8. In the case of space velocity of 120000h, inlet ozone concentration of 50mg/m, and relative humidity of 45%, the Au/AC catalyst maintained the ozone removal ratio at 90.7% after 2500min. After being used for ozone decomposition, the surface carbon of the catalyst was partly oxidized and the oxygen content increased accordingly, while its specific surface area and pore volume only decreased a little. Ozone was mainly catalytically decomposed by the gold nanoparticles supported on the activated carbon.

关键词： ozone decomposition     activated carbon     gold nanoparticles     catalysis     sodium citrate     microwave    

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Combined process of biofiltration and ozone oxidation as an advanced treatment process for wastewater

Xinwei LI,Hanchang SHI,Kuixiao LI,Liang ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 1076-1083 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0770-5

摘要： The effluent of a wastewater treatment plant was treated in a pilot plant for reclaimed water production through the denitrification biofilter (DNBF) process, ozonation (O ), and biologic aerated filtration (BAF). The combined process demonstrated good removal performance of conventional pollutants, including concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (27.8 mg·L ) and total nitrogen (9.9 mg·L ) in the final effluent, which met the local discharge standards and water reuse purposes. Micropollutants (e.g., antibiotics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals) were also significantly removed during the proposed process. Ozonation exhibited high antibiotic removal efficiencies, especially for tetracycline (94%). However, micropollutant removal efficiency was negatively affected by the nitrite produced by DNBF. Acute toxicity variations of the combined process were estimated by utilizing luminescent bacteria. Inhibition rate increased from 9% to 15% during ozonation. Carbonyl compound concentrations (e.g., aldehydes and ketones) also increased by 58% as by-products, which consequently increased toxicity. However, toxicity eventually became as low as that of the influent because the by-products were effectively removed by BAF. The combined DNBF/O /BAF process is suitable for the advanced treatment of reclaimed water because it can thoroughly remove pollutants and toxicity.

关键词： wastewater treatment     micropollutant removal     ozonation     biofiltration     toxicity    

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Pyrene partition behavior to the NOM: Effect of NOM characteristics and its modification by ozone preoxidation

Jin GUO, Jun MA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 56-61 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0003-x

摘要： Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs)—pyrene, and natural organic matters (NOM) from different sources were taken as the test compounds to investigate the impact of physicochemical characteristics of NOM on HOCs’ partition to the NOM in this study. The effects of solution property, NOM characteristics, and modification by ozone preoxidation on pyrene partition to NOM were systematically evaluated. According to the fluorescence quenching method, the partition coefficient of pyrene to NOM was calculated, which was found to have a great relationship with the aromatic structures and hydrophobic functional groups of the NOM. The NOM characteristic modification corresponding to solution property could influence the interactions between the NOM and pyrene. Preozonation could destroy the aromatic or hydrophobic structures of the NOM and decrease of pyrene.

关键词： natural organic matters (NOM)     pyrene     partition coefficient     ozone    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

Wei WEI, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO, Shuiyuan CHENG

期刊论文

Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Lyumeng Ye,Xuemei Wang,Shaofeng Fan,Weihua Chen,Ming Chang,Shengzhen Zhou,Zhiyong Wu,Qi Fan

期刊论文

Precursors and potential sources of ground-level ozone in suburban Shanghai

Kun Zhang, Jialuo Xu, Qing Huang, Lei Zhou, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Guangli Xiu

期刊论文

Surface modification of biomaterials by photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization to

Yakai FENG, Haiyang ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Jintang GUO,

期刊论文

Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Christopher BECKETT, Charles AUGARDE

期刊论文

and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

Jingyun FANG,Huiling LIU,Chii SHANG,Minzhen ZENG,Mengling NI,Wei LIU

期刊论文

Identification of sources, characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter

期刊论文

Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

期刊论文

Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

期刊论文

Self-propelled automatic chassis of Lunokhod-1: History of creation in episodes

Mikhail MALENKOV

期刊论文

中央企业应该也能够率先成为自主创新的主体

顾大钊

期刊论文

Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural

期刊论文

Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Pengyi ZHANG , Bo ZHANG , Rui SHI ,

期刊论文

Combined process of biofiltration and ozone oxidation as an advanced treatment process for wastewater

Xinwei LI,Hanchang SHI,Kuixiao LI,Liang ZHANG

期刊论文

Pyrene partition behavior to the NOM: Effect of NOM characteristics and its modification by ozone preoxidation

Jin GUO, Jun MA

期刊论文